Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act to _____________.


a. bind microbial proteins and polysaccharides
b. induce phagocytosis
c. cause phagocytic chemotaxis
d. destroy microbial cells

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune system.
2. TLRs are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.
3. They recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.
4. Consider the options provided and identify which one aligns with the function of TLRs.
5. TLRs primarily function to recognize and bind to microbial proteins and polysaccharides, which are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Key Concepts

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)

Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing pathogens. They are located on the surface of immune cells and detect specific components of microbes, such as proteins and polysaccharides. This recognition triggers an immune response, helping the body to respond to infections.

Innate Immunity

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, providing immediate but non-specific responses. It includes physical barriers like skin, as well as immune cells that respond quickly to infections. TLRs are integral to this system, as they help identify and initiate responses to invading microbes.

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a process by which certain immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens. This mechanism is essential for clearing infections and involves the recognition of microbes, often facilitated by receptors like TLRs. Once a pathogen is engulfed, it is enclosed in a vesicle and destroyed by enzymes.