Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Protoplast Fusion
Protoplast fusion is a technique used in plant biotechnology where the cell walls of two different plant cells are removed, allowing their membranes to fuse. This process can lead to the mixing of genetic material, but it does not guarantee the introduction of a specific gene into the resulting hybrid cell. It is often considered a 'hit and miss' method because the outcome can be unpredictable.
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Gene Gun
A gene gun, or biolistic particle delivery system, is a method used to introduce DNA into cells by coating microscopic gold or tungsten particles with the desired genetic material and then shooting them into the target cells. This method is more precise than protoplast fusion, as it can deliver specific genes directly into the cells, ensuring a higher success rate for gene transfer.
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Microinjection
Microinjection is a technique where a fine glass needle is used to directly inject DNA or RNA into a cell. This method allows for the precise introduction of specific genes into the target cell, making it a reliable method for genetic modification. Unlike protoplast fusion, microinjection is not 'hit and miss' as it aims to deliver a specific genetic material directly into the nucleus.