Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Humoral Immunity
Humoral immunity is a component of the adaptive immune system that involves the production of antibodies by B cells. When B cells are activated, they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, which bind to specific antigens, neutralizing pathogens or marking them for destruction by other immune cells. This process is distinct from cell-mediated immunity, which primarily involves T cells.
Recommended video:
Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather relies on the activation of T cells. These T cells can directly kill infected host cells, activate other immune cells, and regulate the immune response. This type of immunity is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and some bacteria.
Recommended video:
Introduction to Cells of the Immune System
B Cell Activation
B cell activation occurs when B cells encounter their specific antigen, often with the help of T helper cells. Upon activation, B cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma cells, which produce antibodies. This process is essential for the adaptive immune response, allowing the body to remember and respond more effectively to previously encountered pathogens.
Recommended video: