Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven by the concentration gradient. Simple diffusion occurs directly through the lipid bilayer, while facilitated diffusion involves specific transport proteins that help larger or polar molecules cross the membrane without energy expenditure.
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Active Transport
Active transport is the process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, using energy typically derived from ATP. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and allows cells to uptake essential nutrients and expel waste products.
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Group Translocation
Group translocation is a specialized form of active transport found primarily in prokaryotes, where a molecule is chemically modified during its transport across the membrane. This process not only moves the substrate into the cell but also alters it, often making it more useful for the cell's metabolic processes, such as converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
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