Table of contents

1. Introduction to Microbiology3h 21m
2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation1h 18m
3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology3h 38m
4. Water1h 28m
5. Molecules of Microbiology2h 23m
6. Cell Membrane & Transport3h 28m
7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions5h 52m
8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions2h 18m
9. Microscopes2h 46m
10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth4h 36m
11. Controlling Microbial Growth4h 10m
12. Microbial Metabolism5h 16m
13. Photosynthesis2h 31m
14. DNA Replication2h 25m
15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation7h 14m
16. Microbial Genetics4h 44m
17. Biotechnology3h 0m
18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions4h 56m
19. Innate Immunity7h 15m
20. Adaptive Immunity7h 14m
21. Principles of Disease6h 57m

21. Principles of Disease

Characteristics of Infectious Disease

Microbiology

21. Principles of Disease

Characteristics of Infectious Disease

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2:13 minutes

Problem 22.16a

Textbook Question

The most common manifestation of Cryptococcus infection in AIDS patients is
a. blindness
b. cutaneous infection
c. meningitis
d. pneumonia

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: Cryptococcus is a type of fungus that can cause infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients.

Identify the common sites of infection: Cryptococcus primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to specific symptoms.

Consider the symptoms associated with each option: Blindness, cutaneous infection, meningitis, and pneumonia.

Recall that Cryptococcus neoformans, the most common species causing infection, is known for causing a specific type of infection in the central nervous system.

Recognize that meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, is the most common manifestation of Cryptococcus infection in AIDS patients.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cryptococcus

Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, with Cryptococcus neoformans being the most notable species associated with human disease. It is encapsulated and primarily found in soil, particularly in areas contaminated with bird droppings. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with AIDS, it can cause severe infections, particularly affecting the central nervous system.

AIDS and Immunocompromised State

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that severely weakens the immune system. Patients with AIDS are particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections, as their immune response is significantly impaired. This makes them more susceptible to infections that would typically be controlled by a healthy immune system.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi. In AIDS patients, Cryptococcus neoformans is a leading cause of fungal meningitis, presenting with symptoms such as headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications or death.