By rearranging the ideal gas law, we can derive new equations connected to pressure, volume, moles, and temperature. We're going to say these derivations are required when we have variables with two sets of different values. So basically, we'll be dealing with a question where the ideal gas law is in play. And within the question, they may give you two pressures and two temperatures, or two volumes with two moles. That's when we have to do one of these types of derivations. So just remember, we're still utilizing the ideal gas law, we're just changing it a bit when we're dealing with two pressures or two volumes, two moles, or two temperatures within any given question. Now that we've seen this, let's go on to our example question in the next video.
The Ideal Gas Law Derivations: Study with Video Lessons, Practice Problems & Examples
Created using AIRearranging the ideal gas law allows for the derivation of equations related to pressure, volume, moles, and temperature, particularly when dealing with two sets of values. This is essential for solving problems involving variables such as pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) in gas calculations. Understanding these relationships is crucial for applying the ideal gas law effectively in various scenarios, including calculations of moles and changes in conditions. Mastery of these concepts enhances problem-solving skills in chemistry, particularly in thermodynamics and gas behavior.
The Ideal Gas Law Derivations are a convenient way to solve gas calculations involving 2 sets of the same variables.
Ideal Gas Law Derivations
The Ideal Gas Law Derivations
Video transcript
The Ideal Gas Law Derivations Example 1
Video transcript
In this example question, it says a sample of sulfur hexachloride gas occupies 8.30 liters at 202 degrees Celsius. Assuming that the pressure remains constant, what temperature in degrees Celsius is needed to decrease the volume to 5.25 liters? Alright. So how do I know I'm dealing with an ideal gas derivation? Remember, we said that you're going to have to derive a new formula anytime a variable from the ideal gas law has 2 different values associated with it. If we look, we have 2 volumes, and we have one temperature here and they're asking for a second temperature here. So we're dealing with 2 temperatures. Again, if you're dealing with 2 pressures, 2 volumes, 2 moles, or 2 temperatures, we're dealing with an ideal gas derivation. So these are the steps we're going to have to use to find our answer. Begin by writing out the ideal gas law formula. So we're going to do that. We're going to say PV=nRT. Now we're going to circle the variables in the ideal gas law formula that have 2 sets of different values. So we had again 2 volumes being discussed, 2 temperatures being discussed. Next we're going to cross out the variables in the ideal gas law formula that are not discussed or remaining the same. So they weren't discussing pressure because it's being held the same, they weren't discussing moles. Since the R constant will have the same value, you can also ignore it. Now we're going to say algebraically move all the circled variables to the left side of the ideal gas law formula. So I need to move temperature to the other side, so I have to divide it out. So now my equation becomes V/T. At this point, realize you're going to have to make these circled variables equal to the second set of identical variables in order to derive a new formula. And this is important, if the temperature is involved in the calculation, it must use the SI unit of kelvins. Alright. So what did that last line mean? Well, we have V/T here which is great, but remember we have 2 volumes and 2 temperatures. So we'll make this V1 and T1, and they will equal the second set of volume and temperature. So we've just derived the formula we're going to have to utilize in order to find our answer. So now what we do is just bring down the numbers that we had. So if we look we had 8.30 liters, 5.25 liters. Since this liter is set first, we're going to say it's V1. Since this temperature is set first, this is T1. They're asking for a second temperature, so this is T2. Since this is the second volume being discussed, this is V2. Alright. So I'm just going to bring this formula up here. So V1 over T1 equals V2 over T2. Plug in our numbers, so 8.3 liters for V1 and then 5.25 liters for V2. Remember we just said that your temperature in Kelvin, your temperature has to be in Kelvin. Even though they want the answer in Celsius, when we're doing calculations we first have to convert the temperature into Kelvin. So we have 202 degrees Celsius plus 273.15. So it's going to give us 475.15 Kelvin. And then T2 is what we're looking for. We don't know what it is. So just solve for T2. We're going to cross multiply these 2, cross multiply these 2. So when we do that we're going to have here 8.30 liters times T2 equals 475.15 Kelvin times 5.25 liters. Divide both sides by 8.30 liters. Liters cancel out, and initially I'll have my temperature in Kelvin. So T2 initially equals 300.55 Kelvin. But we want our answer in degrees Celsius, so subtract out 273.15, and when we do that we're going to get our degrees Celsius. So that comes out to, when we work it out, 27.40 degrees Celsius as our final answer.
A sample of nitrogen dioxide gas at 130 ºC and 315 torr occupies a volume of 500 mL. What will the gas pressure be if the volume is reduced to 320 mL at 130 ºC?
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 0.615 moles of gas and has a volume of 295 mL. What will its volume be if 0.103 moles of gas escaped?
On most spray cans it is advised to never expose them to fire. A spray can is used until all that remains is the propellant gas, which has a pressure of 1350 torr at 25 ºC. If the can is then thrown into a fire at 455 ºC, what will be the pressure (in torr) in the can?
a) 750 torr
b) 1800 torr
c) 2190 torr
d) 2850 torr
e) 3300 torr
Here’s what students ask on this topic:
What is the ideal gas law and how is it derived?
The ideal gas law is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of a gas. It is expressed as:
where R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)). The law is derived from combining Boyle's Law (P∝1/V at constant T and n), Charles's Law (V∝T at constant P and n), and Avogadro's Law (V∝n at constant P and T). By combining these proportionalities, we get the ideal gas law.
Created using AIHow do you derive the combined gas law from the ideal gas law?
The combined gas law is derived from the ideal gas law to relate two sets of conditions for a gas. Starting with the ideal gas law:
For two sets of conditions (P1, V1, T1) and (P2, V2, T2), we can write:
This equation is the combined gas law, which allows us to calculate changes in pressure, volume, and temperature for a given amount of gas.
Created using AIHow do you use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of a gas?
To calculate the number of moles (n) of a gas using the ideal gas law, you can rearrange the equation:
Solving for n, we get:
By substituting the known values of pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and the gas constant (R), you can calculate the number of moles of the gas.
Created using AIWhat are the common units used in the ideal gas law?
The common units used in the ideal gas law are:
- Pressure (P): atmospheres (atm), pascals (Pa), or torr
- Volume (V): liters (L) or cubic meters (m3)
- Temperature (T): Kelvin (K)
- Number of moles (n): moles (mol)
- Gas constant (R): 8.314 J/(mol·K) or 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)
It is crucial to ensure that all units are consistent when using the ideal gas law to avoid errors in calculations.
Created using AIHow do you derive the ideal gas law from the kinetic molecular theory?
The ideal gas law can be derived from the kinetic molecular theory, which describes the behavior of gas particles. According to this theory, the pressure exerted by a gas is due to collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container. The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the temperature (T). By combining these principles, we get:
This equation shows the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas, consistent with the ideal gas law.
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