Naming Monoatomic Cations: Study with Video Lessons, Practice Problems & Examples

Cations retain their elemental name with "ion" added. For metals with multiple charges, Roman numerals indicate the charge, e.g., vanadium 3+ is "vanadium III ion." In older naming, the lesser charge uses the suffix "-ous" and the greater charge uses "-ic," such as "ferrous ion" for iron 2+ and "ferric ion" for iron 3+. This system highlights Latin roots, as seen with copper (cuprous and cupric) and tin (stannous and stannic). Understanding these naming conventions is essential for identifying and communicating about cations effectively.

Naming Monoatomic Cations Concept 1

Here we deal with the naming method where a cation always keeps its name and has the word ion added to its end. Now we're going to say here, if the metal possesses multiple charges, we must use a Roman numeral before adding "ion" to its name. So, for example, let's say we're looking at vanadium here. Vanadium has 4 possible charges here, plus 2, plus 3, plus 4, or plus 5. So we need to utilize Roman numerals to describe which one in particular we're looking at. So let's say we're looking at vanadium with a charge of +3. Its name would be "vanadium(III) ion." Now if the metal possesses one charge, so just a single charge, then we don't have to worry about a Roman numeral. So for example, we're going to say the metals in group 1a are all +1, the metals in group 2a are all +2, the metals in group 3a are +3. So we wouldn't require a Roman numeral for them. So for example, magnesium, we wouldn't have to say "magnesium(II) ion," we would just say "magnesium ion." So keep this in mind when discussing the name of a cation.

Naming Monoatomic Cations Example 1

Provide the systematic name for the following ion. So we have Fe³⁺. If you look at Fe on your periodic table, you'll see that it's called iron. Iron is one of the elements that possesses multiple charges, and because of that requires a Roman numeral. Here it's 3 plus, so the name of this ion would be iron(III) ion. So here that would be the answer, is option D. A, B, and C just wouldn't work.

Naming Monoatomic Cations Concept 2

So the common name of cations requires an older naming method, and we'll use this older naming method for cations that possess multiple charges. We won't be using Roman numerals, we'll be using an older system for naming these particular types of cations. Now, under this system, the lesser charge of the cation uses the suffix or ending of -ous, whereas the greater charge uses the suffix of -ic. So, how exactly do we approach this? Here we have metal cation suffixes. We have the element name, ion symbol, systematic name, and then our common name. So, we're going to say here that chromium exists as either Cr2+ or Cr3+. The systematic name is what we've learned earlier. Because they possess multiple charges, we can use Roman numerals under the systematic names. This one will be chromium(II) because it's 2+, and this would be chromium(III) ion. Now, under the common naming system, we're going to say that this +2 is the lesser charge. And because it's the lesser charge, it uses the ending 'ous'. So this would be chromous ion. +3 is the higher or greater charge of this particular ion, so it uses the ending 'ic', so this would be chromic ion.

Copper can be +1 or +2, so we're going to say here this is copper(I) and this is copper(II) ion. Here would be cuprous ion, and this would be cupric ion. Iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+, so this would be iron(II), and this would be iron(III). You might be noticing that, hey, it's iron here, but it's ferrous here and ferric there. That's because the common name is also tied to Latin names for some of these elements. Realize that copper uses the symbol Cu, iron uses Fe. That's because these element symbols are based on their Latin root names, and the common name highlights this fact. So, iron Fe2+ is the lesser charge, so this is ferrous ion. Fe3+ is the higher charge, so this is ferric ion.

Mercury is a little bit weird. Mercury can exist as a pair and together they are 2+. That means each one is actually +1. So this would be mercury(II) ion. This would translate to mercurous ion and mercuric ion. Then finally, we have tin which is Sn. Again, Sn here doesn't match the name Tin; that's because Sn is based on the Latin name for it. So, tin can be Sn2+ or Sn4+, so this would be tin(II) and tin(IV), which would translate to stannous ion and stannic ion. So, just remember, we use this common naming method for cations with multiple charges. The lower charge uses the ending of 'ous'. The higher charge uses the ending of 'ic'.

Naming Monoatomic Cations Example 2

If a fictional ion has a prefix of unper, the name of its lesser charged ion using the common naming system would be on. So, if we're dealing with a lesser charge, remember that the suffix or the ending would be 'ose'. Therefore, it will be called on. Hence, that would mean that option b would be our correct answer. Remember, the lesser charge uses the ending 'ose', while the higher charge uses the ending 'ic'. So, if we wanted the name of the higher charged ion form, it would be onpyric ion in that case.

Here’s what students ask on this topic:

What is the naming convention for monoatomic cations with multiple charges?

For monoatomic cations with multiple charges, the naming convention involves using Roman numerals to indicate the specific charge. For example, vanadium can have charges of +2, +3, +4, or +5. If we are referring to vanadium with a charge of 3+, it would be named 'vanadium III ion.' This method helps to clearly specify which ion is being discussed, especially for metals that can form more than one type of cation.

How do you name a monoatomic cation using the older naming method?

The older naming method for monoatomic cations with multiple charges uses suffixes. The lesser charge uses the suffix '-ous,' and the greater charge uses '-ic.' For example, iron can be Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺. The Fe²⁺ ion is called 'ferrous ion,' and the Fe³⁺ ion is called 'ferric ion.' This method often involves Latin roots, such as 'cuprous' for Cu⁺ and 'cupric' for Cu²⁺.

Why do some cations have Latin-based names in the older naming system?

Some cations have Latin-based names in the older naming system because the element symbols are derived from their Latin names. For example, the symbol for copper is Cu, which comes from its Latin name 'cuprum.' Therefore, the cations Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ are named 'cuprous ion' and 'cupric ion,' respectively. Similarly, the symbol for iron is Fe, from 'ferrum,' leading to 'ferrous ion' for Fe²⁺ and 'ferric ion' for Fe³⁺.

How do you name a monoatomic cation with a single charge?

For monoatomic cations with a single charge, the naming convention is straightforward. The cation retains its elemental name followed by the word 'ion.' For example, magnesium, which always has a charge of +2, is simply named 'magnesium ion.' There is no need to use Roman numerals or suffixes since the charge is always the same.

What is the systematic name for Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺?

The systematic names for Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ are 'chromium(II) ion' and 'chromium(III) ion,' respectively. The Roman numerals indicate the specific charge of the chromium ion, making it clear which ion is being referred to. This is important for elements like chromium that can form multiple cations with different charges.