Naming Carboxylic Acids - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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concept
IUPAC Rules for Naming Carboxylic Acids Concept 1
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Now recall that carbolic acids possess a carbon carbon connected to a hydroxyl group. So your hydroxyl group is an oh group. So we have a carbonyl connected to. Oh now, the set of rules for naming carbolic acids are similar to aldehydes. That's because just like in aldehyde, the carbon carbon, in this case of a carbolic acid is always number one. Now, here we're going to modify the E ending of the original alkane to OIC acid because it's no, it's not an alkane. It's a carbolic acid. So E becomes OIC acid. Our naming convention, we still have to give the locations of our different substituents. Our parent chain would be modified from an E ending to OIC acid. So keep this in mind as we start naming different types of carbolic acids.
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example
IUPAC Rules for Naming Carboxylic Acids Example 1
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Provide the systematic name for the following carbolic acid. Here to do that, we're gonna utilize these steps in terms of naming the molecule before us. So here's step one find the longest carbon chain. This will represent our parent chain and assign name according to the prefixes and modifier. The parent chain should include the carbolic acid group and greater number of carbons. Now, if a tie between longest chain choose chain with more substituents, all right. So we're going to find the longest carbon chain. We gotta make sure that the carbonic acid group is part of it. So if we look, this would be the longest carbon chain, so we can go this way or you can go this way, both would give us the same length for the carbon chain and the same number of substituents. So here I'm just gonna go by the original way this way. Now assign name to all the substituents for step two. So here we have a bromine group as a substituent. So this would be bromo and then here we have a three carbon alkyl group which is ethyl, start numbering the chain at the carbon of the Carbolic acid group. So coo H group. So this would be 12345 and six. And then steps 4 to 6, we repeat steps from previous naming topics. Mainly. We give numerical locations to the substituents. We make sure that they're named alphabetically in relation to each other. And we make sure we use commas to separate numbers and dashes or hyphens to separate letters from numbers. So here alphabetically B comes before E the bromo is on carbon three. So three bromo, and then we have the ethyl on carbon 44 ethyl. Since the carbonic acid, carbonyl carbon is carbon number one, we don't have to give it a number designation. So we have a six carbon chain which is hexane, but we changed the E ending to hex andic acid. Here it becomes OIC acid. So the name of our carboxylic acid here would be three bromo, four ethyl Hexon OIC acid.
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Problem
Problem
If the substituent name of the OH group is hydroxy in the presence of a carboxylic acid, provide the systematic name for the following compound.
A
5-ethyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid
B
4-ethyl-5-hydroxyoctanoic acid
C
5- isopropyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid
D
4-isopropyl-5-hydroxyoctanoic acid
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concept
Common Naming: Carboxylic Acids Concept 2
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Now, when it comes to common naming of carbolic acids, we're going to say simple carbolic acid name consists of a common name prefix and ends with ick acid. Now, here we're going to say that our substituted Carboy acid utilize Greek letters. So alpha, beta, gamma, delta and they're gonna indicate the location of substituents. Now Greek symbols are assigned to carbons adjacent to the carboxyl carbon. So that's just the carbon, that's the carbolic acid. So we're talking about this carbon here and remember one space aways alpha, then beta carbon, then gamma carbon, then delta carbon. We typically do not see anything beyond the delta carbon. So just remember these four Greek letters we're gonna utilize them when talking about common names for carbolic acids.
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example
Common Naming: Carboxylic Acids Example 2
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Here, it says provide a common name for the following carbolic acid. So step one says we need to find the longest carbon chain and assign the name according to common name prefixes and endings. Now, the parent chain should include the carbolic acid group and have the most number of carbons. Now, if I tie between longest chains choose chain with more substituents, if we take a look at this carbolic acid, the longest chain would be here. And if we looked at this, it would be 1234 carbons, four carbons for carbolic acid, the prefix would be Bera and it's a carbolic acid. So it's bric acid or uric acid. Here would be the common name of the cary acid itself. Now assign names to all substituents here, we have a chlorine which would be chloral. Here we have a methyl. Those are our two substituents. Now, a sign here, we're gonna give the number, the Greek or Greek symbol which stands for the location for each substituent. Now, when more than one identical substituents, we use the prefixes here. So we'd have die for two, try for three tetra for four. And we'd say name substituents in alphabetical order and prefix do not count. And then finally, when we put it all together, we're gonna use commas between the Greek symbols and we're gonna use dashes to separate Greek symbols and from letters and then letters are not separated from letters. All right. So let's put all this together. We number this out as four carbons. Remember this would be the alpha position, this is beta and then here this would be delta oh actually alpha beta gamma, this would be the gamma position. So then if we look chloral comes before, so c comes before m so chloral on the beta carbon, so this would be beta chloral and then the methyl is on carbon um two which is the alpha carbon. So this will be alpha methyl and methyl bric acid is all one word. So this would be the name beta chloral, alpha methyl bric acid, right? So this would be our final answer.
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Problem
Problem
Provide a common name for following molecule.
A
2,5-hydroxybutyric acid
B
α,β-dihydroxypentanoic acid
C
2,5-dihydroxybutyric acid
D
α,β-dihydroxyvaleric acid
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concept
Naming Dicarboxylic Acids Concept 3
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So dic Carboy acids contain two coo H group. So two carbolic acid groups. Now when it comes to the Iupac naming, we're gonna say they have the same rules as carbolic acids, but you're gonna replace ick suffix with die OIC. OK. So that's gonna be a key difference here for dic carbolic acids. Another important thing to notice is that when it comes to naming them, the parent chain name is not modified. So if we take a look here at this dic carbolic acid on the right, we say that its Iupac name would be Ethane di OIC acid. Notice we did not drop the e in terms of naming this dic carbolic acid, its common name would be oxalic acid. Now, common names are often used for dic carbolic acids. And luckily there's a pretty commonly used memory tool for it and it is Oh my such good apple pie. So if we take a look, oh my, such good apple pie. So oxalic acid is the simplest darci acid. It's just two Carboy acids directly connected to each other as we increase the length of our chain. All we're doing is adding more CH twos in the middle. Remember the CH two group is called the methylene group, right? So Meloni ester or actually melodic acid is has one CH two that connects the two cary acids to each other. Then we go to Suy acid, all we're doing is just lengthening the chain by adding more and more ch two groups. So now we have two here and then glutaric acid add another CH two. So now there's three epic acid. So this would be four interesting about aic acid is that it's a key component when it comes to like nylon stockings. So, Aic acid has everyday use applications now and then last one we have is a polemic acid. So we add another C two. So that'd be five. So just remember we have Iupac naming rules for dic carbolic acids. And then we have these common names for these dic carbolic acids and to remember the common names, just remember. Oh my, such good apple pie.
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example
Naming Dicarboxylic Acids Example 3
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2m
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Provide a common name for the following carbolic acid. As we can see, this is a dic carbolic acid that we're given the longest chain would be this portion here and those two metal groups would be our substituents. So looking at step one, we find the longest carbon chain in a signed name according to common name prefixes. The pair change should include both carbolic acid groups. And from there, we follow the rules that we know in terms of naming carbolic acids. Now, here we're gonna say this will be the carbolic gas. We start numbering because it's the one closest to our substituents. So here we'd say 1234, we'd say this is two carbolic acids. They're connected to each other by two ch twos in the middle. Just remember. Oh my such good apple pie, which one has two ch twos in the middle acinic acid. So here it would be succinate acid as the common name for this Dic Carboy acid. And then we'd say uh this is our alpha since we made this carbonyl carbonic acid group, carbon number one and this would be beta position. We don't need to go further than that. So the two metal groups are on the alpha position. So we'd say that this is going to be alpha, alpha di met succinate acid from the name we're gonna deduce that both those metal groups are on the alpha carbon. So that's why we can name it in such a way. Um Here, if we wanted to continue with the way that we are custom seeing, you could also say alpha alpha dimethyl suy acid. But that really isn't necessary here when it comes to these dic Carba acids, we see dimethyl, we only see one Greek symbol. So we're assuming that both those methyl groups are on that same carbon, right? So this will be the name of this particular Dicarlo acid.
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Problem
Problem
Give IUPAC name for the following dicarboxylic acid.
A
3-ethylheptanedioic acid
B
5-ethylheptadioic acid
C
3-methylhexadioic acid
D
5-ethylhexanedioic acid
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Problem
Problem
Draw a structure for the given common name: α-bromo-β-hydroxyadipic acid.
A
B
C
D
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