22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

How is aerobic respiration different from anaerobic respiration?

Select statement that explains importance of conversion of NADH to NAD⁺ during anaerobic respiration.

Circle the correct type of respiration under which:

a) Pyruvate converted to lactate (aerobic or anaerobic)

b) Glucose converted to pyruvate (aerobic or anaerobic)

c) Pyruvate converted to Acetyl CoA (aerobic or anaerobic)

d) Pyruvate converted to ethanol (aerobic or anaerobic)

In alcoholic fermentation, each mole of pyruvate is converted to one mole of carbon dioxide and one mole of ethanol. In the process, about 50 kcal/mol (209 kJ/mol) of energy is produced. Under the most favorable conditions, more than one-half of this energy is stored as ATP.

a. What happens to the remaining energy produced in alcoholic fermentation?

Outline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:

b. Conversion to ethanol and CO₂ In what tissues or organisms is each pathway present?

Outline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:

c. Conversion to lactate In what tissues or organisms is each pathway present?