15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Reduction Reactions Concept 1

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Example 1

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Concept 2

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Example 2

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Determine the alcohol product formed in the following reaction.

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Multiple Choice

Determine which reactant should be used to produce the following alcohol.

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Textbook Question

The carbonyl group can be reduced by addition of a hydride ion (H⁻) and (H⁺) a proton

. Removal of H⁻ and H⁺ from an alcohol results in a carbonyl group <IMAGE>

a.To which atom of the carbonyl is the hydride ion added and why?

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Textbook Question

The carbonyl group can be reduced by addition of a hydride ion (H⁻) and (H⁺) a proton

. Removal of H⁻ and H⁺ from an alcohol results in a carbonyl group <IMAGE>

b. In the reaction, indicate which direction represents reduction and which represents oxidation.

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Textbook Question

Write the structures of the hemiacetal or hemiketal that result from reactions (a) and (b). Write the structures of the complete hydrolysis products of the acetal or ketal in (c) and (d).

Acetone + Ethanol → ?

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Textbook Question

What ketones or aldehydes might be reduced to yield the following alcohols?

a. <IMAGE>

b. <IMAGE>

c. HOCH₂―CH₂―CH₂OH

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Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the products formed when the following compounds react with a reducing agent.

<IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Can the alcohol (CH₃)₃COH be formed by the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone? Why or why not?

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Textbook Question

Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.

<IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.

CH₃CH₂―O―CH₂―CHO

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Textbook Question

Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.

<IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:

d. 2-methyl-3-pentanone

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:

a. ethyl propyl ketone

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:

a. butyraldehyde

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:

c. hexanal

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the alcohol produced when hydrogen and a nickel catalyst reduce each of the following: (12.4)

b. <IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Which compound in each of the following pairs would be more soluble in water? Explain.

c. butanal or hexanal

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the alcohol produced when hydrogen and a nickel catalyst reduce each of the following: (12.4)

b. <IMAGE>

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Open Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the alcohol produced when hydrogen and a nickel catalyst reduce each of the following: (12.4)

a. <IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:

c. 3-chlorocyclopentanone

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