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1. Matter and Measurements(0)

What is Chemistry?
(0)

The Scientific Method
(0)

Classification of Matter
(0)

States of Matter
(0)

Physical & Chemical Changes
(0)

Chemical Properties
(0)

Physical Properties
(0)

Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
(0)

Temperature (Simplified)
(0)

Scientific Notation
(0)

SI Units (Simplified)
(0)

Metric Prefixes
(0)

Significant Figures (Simplified)
(0)

Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements
(0)

Significant Figures: In Calculations
(0)

Conversion Factors (Simplified)
(0)

Dimensional Analysis
(0)

Density
(0)

Specific Gravity
(0)

Density of Geometric Objects
(0)

Density of Non-Geometric Objects
(0)

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table(0)

The Atom (Simplified)
(0)

Subatomic Particles (Simplified)
(0)

Isotopes
(0)

Ions (Simplified)
(0)

Atomic Mass (Simplified)
(0)

Atomic Mass (Conceptual)
(0)

Periodic Table: Element Symbols
(0)

Periodic Table: Classifications
(0)

Periodic Table: Group Names
(0)

Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals
(0)

Periodic Table: Elemental Forms (Simplified)
(0)

Periodic Table: Phases (Simplified)
(0)

Law of Definite Proportions
(0)

Atomic Theory
(0)

Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment
(0)

Wavelength and Frequency (Simplified)
(0)

Electromagnetic Spectrum (Simplified)
(0)

Bohr Model (Simplified)
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Emission Spectrum (Simplified)
(0)

Electronic Structure
(0)

Electronic Structure: Shells
(0)

Electronic Structure: Subshells
(0)

Electronic Structure: Orbitals
(0)

Electronic Structure: Electron Spin
(0)

Electronic Structure: Number of Electrons
(0)

The Electron Configuration (Simplified)
(0)

Electron Arrangements
(0)

The Electron Configuration: Condensed
(0)

The Electron Configuration: Exceptions (Simplified)
(0)

Ions and the Octet Rule
(0)

Ions and the Octet Rule (Simplified)
(0)

Valence Electrons of Elements (Simplified)
(0)

Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)
(0)

Periodic Trend: Metallic Character
(0)

Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius (Simplified)
(0)

3. Ionic Compounds(0)

Periodic Table: Main Group Element Charges
(0)

Periodic Table: Transition Metal Charges
(0)

Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius (Simplified)
(0)

Periodic Trend: Ranking Ionic Radii
(0)

Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy (Simplified)
(0)

Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity (Simplified)
(0)

Ionic Bonding
(0)

Naming Monoatomic Cations
(0)

Naming Monoatomic Anions
(0)

Polyatomic Ions
(0)

Naming Ionic Compounds
(0)

Writing Formula Units of Ionic Compounds
(0)

Naming Ionic Hydrates
(0)

Naming Acids
(0)

4. Molecular Compounds(0)

Covalent Bonds
(0)

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
(0)

Molecular Models
(0)

Bonding Preferences
(0)

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds (Simplified)
(0)

Multiple Bonds
(0)

Multiple Bonds (Simplified)
(0)

Lewis Dot Structures: Multiple Bonds
(0)

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions (Simplified)
(0)

Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions (Simplified)
(0)

Resonance Structures (Simplified)
(0)

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (Simplified)
(0)

Electron Geometry (Simplified)
(0)

Molecular Geometry (Simplified)
(0)

Bond Angles (Simplified)
(0)

Dipole Moment (Simplified)
(0)

Molecular Polarity (Simplified)
(0)

5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions(0)

Chemical Reaction: Chemical Change
(0)

Law of Conservation of Mass
(0)

Balancing Chemical Equations (Simplified)
(0)

Solubility Rules
(0)

Molecular Equations
(0)

Types of Chemical Reactions
(0)

Complete Ionic Equations
(0)

Calculate Oxidation Numbers
(0)

Redox Reactions
(0)

Spontaneous Redox Reactions
(0)

Balancing Redox Reactions: Acidic Solutions
(0)

Balancing Redox Reactions: Basic Solutions
(0)

Balancing Redox Reactions (Simplified)
(0)

Galvanic Cell (Simplified)
(0)

6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities(0)

Empirical Formula
(0)

Molecular Formula
(0)

Calculating Molar Mass
(0)

Mole Concept
(0)

Mass Percent
(0)

Stoichiometry
(0)

Limiting Reagent
(0)

Percent Yield
(0)

7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium(0)

Nature of Energy
(0)

First Law of Thermodynamics
(0)

Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
(0)

Bond Energy
(0)

Thermochemical Equations
(0)

Heat Capacity
(0)

Thermal Equilibrium (Simplified)
(0)

Hess's Law
(0)

Rate of Reaction
(0)

Energy Diagrams
(0)

Chemical Equilibrium
(0)

The Equilibrium Constant
(0)

Le Chatelier's Principle
(0)

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
(0)

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions
(0)

Entropy (Simplified)
(0)

Gibbs Free Energy (Simplified)
(0)

8. Gases, Liquids and Solids(0)

Pressure Units
(0)

Kinetic Molecular Theory
(0)

The Ideal Gas Law
(0)

The Ideal Gas Law Derivations
(0)

The Ideal Gas Law Applications
(0)

Chemistry Gas Laws
(0)

Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law
(0)

Standard Temperature and Pressure
(0)

Dalton's Law: Partial Pressure (Simplified)
(0)

Gas Stoichiometry
(0)

Intermolecular Forces (Simplified)
(0)

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
(0)

Atomic, Ionic and Molecular Solids
(0)

Heating and Cooling Curves
(0)

9. Solutions(0)

Solutions
(0)

Solubility and Intermolecular Forces
(0)

Solutions: Mass Percent
(0)

Percent Concentrations
(0)

Molarity
(0)

Osmolarity
(0)

Parts per Million (ppm)
(0)

Solubility: Temperature Effect
(0)

Intro to Henry's Law
(0)

Henry's Law Calculations
(0)

Dilutions
(0)

Solution Stoichiometry
(0)

Electrolytes (Simplified)
(0)

Equivalents
(0)

Molality
(0)

The Colligative Properties
(0)

Boiling Point Elevation
(0)

Freezing Point Depression
(0)

Osmosis
(0)

Osmotic Pressure
(0)

Vapor Pressure Lowering (Raoult's Law)
(0)

10. Acids and Bases(0)

Acid-Base Introduction
(0)

Arrhenius Acid and Base
(0)

Bronsted Lowry Acid and Base
(0)

Acid and Base Strength
(0)

Ka and Kb
(0)

The pH Scale
(0)

Auto-Ionization
(0)

pH of Strong Acids and Bases
(0)

Acid-Base Equivalents
(0)

Acid-Base Reactions
(0)

Gas Evolution Equations (Simplified)
(0)

Ionic Salts (Simplified)
(0)

Buffers
(0)

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
(0)

Strong Acid Strong Base Titrations (Simplified)
(0)

11. Nuclear Chemistry(0)

Types of Radiation
(0)

Alpha Decay
(0)

Beta Decay
(0)

Gamma Emission
(0)

Electron Capture
(0)

Positron Emission
(0)

Radioactive Half-Life
(0)

Measuring Radioactivity
(0)

BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures(0)

Laboratory Materials
(0)

Experimental Error
(0)

Distillation & Floatation
(0)

Chromatography
(0)

Filtration and Evaporation
(0)

Extraction
(0)

Test for Ions and Gases
(0)

BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions(0)

Multiplication and Division Operations
(0)

Addition and Subtraction Operations
(0)

Power and Root Functions
(0)

Power and Root Functions
(0)

The Quadratic Formula
(0)

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry(0)

Introduction to Organic Chemistry
(0)

Structural Formula
(0)

Condensed Formula
(0)

Skeletal Formula
(0)

Functional Groups in Chemistry
(0)

Naming Alkanes
(0)

The Alkyl Groups
(0)

Naming Alkanes with Substituents
(0)

Naming Cyclic Alkanes
(0)

Naming Other Substituents
(0)

Alkane Reactions
(0)

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds(0)

Spatial Orientation of Bonds
(0)

Intro to Hydrocarbons
(0)

Isomers
(0)

Chirality
(0)

Naming Alkenes
(0)

Naming Alkynes
(0)

Intro to Addition Reactions
(0)

Halogenation Reaction
(0)

Hydrogenation Reaction
(0)

Hydrohalogenation Reaction
(0)

Hydration Reaction
(0)

Naming Benzene
(0)

Benzene Reactions
(0)

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur(0)

Naming Alcohols
(0)

Naming Ethers
(0)

Naming Thiols
(0)

Alcohol Reactions: Dehydration Reactions
(0)

Intro to Redox Reactions
(0)

Alcohol Reactions: Oxidation Reactions
(0)

Reactions of Thiols
(0)

15. Aldehydes and Ketones(0)

Naming Ketones
(0)

Naming Aldehydes
(0)

Tollens' and Benedict's Test
(0)

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
(0)

Hemiacetal and Acetal Formation
(0)

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives(0)

Naming Carboxylic Acids
(0)

Naming Esters
(0)

Naming Amides
(0)

Carboxylic Acid Reactions
(0)

Ester Reactions: Esterification
(0)

Ester Reactions: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
(0)

Ester Reactions: Saponification
(0)

Amide Formation
(0)

Amide Hydrolysis
(0)

17. Amines(0)

Classifying Amines
(0)

Naming Amines
(0)

Naming Ammonium Salts
(0)

Functional Group Priorities
(0)

Amine Reactions
(0)

18. Amino Acids and Proteins(0)

Intro to Amino Acids
(0)

Amino Acid Three Letter Codes
(0)

Amino Acid One Letter Codes
(0)

Amino Acid Classifications
(0)

Peptides
(0)

Primary Protein Structure
(0)

Secondary Protein Structure
(0)

Tertiary Protein Structure
(0)

Quaternary Protein Structure
(0)

Summary of Protein Structure
(0)

19. Enzymes(0)

Intro to Enzymes
(0)

Enzyme Classification
(0)

Enzyme-Substrate Complex
(0)

Models of Enzyme Action
(0)

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
(0)

Enzyme Inhibition
(0)

Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Control
(0)

Enzyme Regulation: Feedback Control
(0)

Enzyme Regulation: Covalent Modification
(0)

20. Carbohydrates(0)

Intro to Carbohydrates
(0)

Classification of Carbohydrates
(0)

Fischer Projections
(0)

Enantiomers vs Diastereomers
(0)

D vs L Enantiomers
(0)

Cyclic Hemiacetals
(0)

Intro to Haworth Projections
(0)

Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
(0)

Mutarotation
(0)

Reduction of Monosaccharides
(0)

Oxidation of Monosaccharides
(0)

Glycosidic Linkage
(0)

Disaccharides
(0)

Polysaccharides
(0)

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy(0)

Intro to Metabolism
(0)

ATP and Energy
(0)

Intro to Cofactors
(0)

Intro to Coenzymes
(0)

Coenzymes in Metabolism
(0)

Energy Production In Biochemical Pathways
(0)

Intro to Citric Acid Cycle
(0)

The Citric Acid Cycle
(0)

Electron Transport Chain
(0)

Oxidative Phosphorylation
(0)

Aerobic Respiration Summary
(0)

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism(0)

Intro to Carbohydrate Metabolism
(0)

Intro to Glycolysis
(0)

Glycolysis
(0)

Glycolysis Summary
(0)

Pyruvate Oxidation
(0)

Anaerobic Respiration
(0)

Total Energy from Glucose
(0)

Intro to Gluconeogenesis
(0)

Gluconeogenesis
(0)

23. Lipids(0)

Intro to Lipids
(0)

Fatty Acids
(0)

Physical Properties of Fatty Acids
(0)

Waxes
(0)

Triacylglycerols
(0)

Triacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrogenation
(0)

Triacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrolysis
(0)

Triacylglycerol Reactions: Oxidation
(0)

Glycerophospholipids
(0)

Sphingomyelins
(0)

Steroids
(0)

Cell Membranes
(0)

Membrane Transport
(0)

24. Lipid Metabolism(0)

Intro to Lipid Digestion
(0)

Digestion of Lipids
(0)

Lipoproteins for Transport
(0)

Glycerol Metabolism
(0)

Intro to Fatty Acid Oxidation
(0)

Oxidation of Fatty Acids
(0)

Total Energy from Fatty Acids
(0)

Ketone Bodies
(0)

Summary of Lipid Metabolism
(0)

25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism(0)

Digestion of Proteins
(0)

Intro to Amino Acid Catabolism
(0)

Amino Acid Catabolism: Amino Group
(0)

Amino Acid Catabolism: Carbon Atoms
(0)

Intro to Urea Cycle
(0)

The Urea Cycle
(0)

Review of Metabolism
(0)

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis(0)

Intro to Nucleic Acids
(0)

Nitrogenous Bases
(0)

Nucleoside and Nucleotide Formation
(0)

Naming Nucleosides and Nucleotides
(0)

Phosphodiester Bond Formation
(0)

Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids
(0)

Base Pairing
(0)

DNA Double Helix
(0)

Intro to DNA Replication
(0)

Steps of DNA Replication
(0)

Types of RNA
(0)

Overview of Protein Synthesis
(0)

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis
(0)

Processing of pre-mRNA
(0)

The Genetic Code
(0)

Introduction to Translation
(0)

Translation: Protein Synthesis
(0)

20. Carbohydrates

Mutarotation

20. Carbohydrates

Mutarotation: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Mutarotation Practice Problems

20 problems

Problem 1Multiple Choice

Complete the following mutarotation reaction between the two cyclic forms of D-mannose by providing the missing structure.

Mutarotation reaction of D-mannose showing alpha and beta forms with a missing structure.

Problem 2Multiple Choice

Provide the missing structure in the mutarotation rotation reaction of D-tagatose given below.

Mutarotation reaction of D-tagatose showing open-chain and beta-D-tagatose structures.

Problem 3Multiple Choice

When glucose is dissolved in water, it forms an equilibrium between its α and β anomers. What process describes this transformation?

Problem 4Multiple Choice

What is mutarotation and why is it significant in the context of monosaccharides?

Problem 5Multiple Choice

In aqueous solutions, monosaccharides exist in equilibrium between which forms?

Problem 6Multiple Choice

Which carbon in a monosaccharide is known as the anomeric carbon, and what is its significance?

Problem 7Multiple Choice

Analyze the stability of alpha, beta, and open chain forms of D-glucose in aqueous solutions and explain your reasoning.

Problem 8Multiple Choice

If the equilibrium mixture of D-glucose in water contains 64% beta form and 36% alpha form, what is the percentage of each form?

Problem 9Multiple Choice

Evaluate the reasons why beta-D-glucose is more stable compared to alpha-D-glucose in aqueous solutions.

Problem 10Multiple Choice

What are the structural differences between the open chain and cyclic forms of D-glucose?

Problem 11Multiple Choice

Analyze the role of trace amounts of the open chain form in the mutarotation process of D-glucose.

Problem 12Multiple Choice

Evaluate how mutarotation impacts the structural and chemical characteristics of carbohydrates.

Problem 13Multiple Choice

Predict how mutarotation would affect the behavior of monosaccharides in a hot, acidic solution.

Problem 14Multiple Choice

Synthesize information on mutarotation to describe its impact on the interconversion of monosaccharides in biological systems.

Problem 15Multiple Choice

What is the role of the anomeric carbon in forming alpha and beta forms of monosaccharides?

Problem 16Multiple Choice

Explain the significance of equilibrium between cyclic hemiacetal forms and the open chain form of monosaccharides in water.

Problem 17Multiple Choice

Assess the relative stability of alpha, beta, and open chain forms of D-glucose, considering steric and electronic factors.

Problem 18Multiple Choice

Given an equilibrium mixture of D-glucose with 64% beta form, calculate the percentage of alpha form.

Problem 19Multiple Choice

Combine knowledge of structural chemistry to differentiate between cyclic and open chain forms of D-glucose.

Problem 20Multiple Choice

Evaluate the importance of trace amounts of the open chain form in the mutarotation of D-glucose.

Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides Practice Problems Reduction of Monosaccharides Practice Problems

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