Based on the structure shown for retinol (vitamin A) and the names of the two related forms of vitamin A, retinal and retinoic acid, what do you expect to be the structural differences among these three compounds?

Write the IUPAC and common name, if any, for each of the following carboxylic acids:

b.

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:

a. 3,4-dibromobutanoic acid

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:

c. 3-ethylbenzoic acid

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following:

a.

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:

c. 3-bromopentanoic acid

Draw the line-angle formula and write the IUPAC name for each of the following:

a. A carboxylic acid that has the formula C₆H₁₂O₂, with no substituents

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, of the carboxylate salts produced in problem 14.11

a. formic acid

b. 3-chloropropanoic acid

c. benzoic acid