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5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 35m
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12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines38m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Summary of Protein Structure

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Summary of Protein Structure

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Multiple Choice

Determine which of the following statements describes a tertiary structure of a protein.

Three polypeptide chains interact to form a biologically active protein.

Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent segments of the backbones of the same protein to form its creased structure.

Nonpolar side chains are repelled by water and move to the interior of the protein.

Amino acids react in a condensation reaction to form a peptide bond.

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Textbook Question

How do the following noncovalent interactions help to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein? Give an example of a pair of amino acids that could give rise to each interaction.

a. Hydrophobic interactions

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Textbook Question

How do the following interactions help to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein? Give an example of a pair of amino acids that could give rise to each interaction.

b. Disulfide bonds

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Textbook Question

A portion of a polypeptide chain contains the following sequence of amino acids: —Leu—Val—Cys—Asp—

a. Which amino acids are likely to be found on the inside of the protein structure? Why?

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Textbook Question

A portion of a polypeptide chain contains the following sequence of amino acids:

—Leu—Val—Cys—Asp—

c. How does the primary structure of a protein affect its tertiary structure?

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Textbook Question

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure:

c. Several polypeptides in a beta-pleated sheet are held together by hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains.

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Textbook Question

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure:

b. Protein chains of collagen form a triple helix.

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Textbook Question

Indicate the changes in secondary and tertiary structural levels of proteins for each of the following:

b. Prior to giving an injection, the skin is wiped with an alcohol swab.

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Textbook Question

Indicate the changes in secondary and tertiary structural levels of proteins for each of the following:

c. To avoid spoilage, seeds are treated with a solution of HgCl₂.

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Textbook Question

b. Would you expect to find this segment at the center or at the surface of a protein? Why?

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Textbook Question

Consider the amino acids lysine, valine, and aspartate in an enzyme. State which of these amino acids have R groups that would: (16.1, 16.3)

b. be found in hydrophilic regions

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Textbook Question

Consider the amino acids lysine, valine, and aspartate in an enzyme. State which of these amino acids have R groups that would: (16.1, 16.3)

c. form hydrogen bonds

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Textbook Question

Consider the amino acids lysine, valine, and aspartate in an enzyme. State which of these amino acids have R groups that would: (16.1, 16.3)

d. form salt bridges

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following proteins according to its function:

a. hemoglobin, oxygen carrier in the blood

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following proteins according to its function:

c. keratin, a protein found in hair

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following proteins according to its function:

a. insulin, a protein needed for glucose utilization

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following proteins according to its function:

c. casein, milk protein

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Textbook Question

List the type of attractive force disrupted and the level of protein structure changed by the following denaturing treatments:

a. adding salt to soy milk to make tofu

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following statements as characteristic of protein denaturation or protein hydrolysis.

a. Milk curdles when lemon juice is added to it.

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following statements as characteristic of protein denaturation or protein hydrolysis.

b. A protein breaks up into amino acid fragments.

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Textbook Question

Identify the level of protein structure associated with each of the following:

b. hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms

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Textbook Question

Identify the level of protein structure associated with each of the following:

d. salt bridges between polypeptides

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Textbook Question

Indicate what type(s) of intermolecular forces are disrupted and what level of protein structure is changed by the following denaturing treatments:

a. an egg placed in water at 100 °C and boiled for 10 minutes

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Textbook Question

Indicate what type(s) of intermolecular forces are disrupted and what level of protein structure is changed by the following denaturing treatments:

c. egg whites whipped in a mixing bowl to make meringue

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Textbook Question

Describe the changes that occur in the primary structure when a protein is denatured versus when a protein is hydrolyzed.

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Textbook Question

Identify the level of protein structure associated with each of the following:

d. intermolecular forces between R groups

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Textbook Question

Identify the level of protein structure associated with each of the following:

b. disulfide bridge

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements describes the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein.

b. Peptide bonds join amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements describes the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein.

d. Hydrogen bonding between amino acids in the same polypeptide gives a coiled shape to the protein.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements describes the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein.

b. Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent segments of the backbone of the same protein to form a “folded-fan” structure.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements describes the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure of a protein.

d. Amino acids react in a condensation reaction to form a peptide bond.

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Textbook Question

Insulin is a protein hormone that functions as two polypeptide chains whose amino acid sequences are as follows:

A chain: GIVEQCCTSICSLTQLENYCN

B chain: FVNQHLCGDHLVEALYLV CGERGFFYTPKT

b. Considering the amino acid sequences, suggest how these two polypeptide chains might be held together in an active insulin molecule.

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Open Question

What level of protein structure is determined by the following:

a. Peptide bonds between amino acids?

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Open Question

What level of protein structure is determined by the following:

b. Hydrogen bonds between backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms attached to backbone nitrogen atoms?

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Open Question

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure:

______ a) Hydrophobic R groups seeking a nonpolar environment move toward the inside of the folded protein.

______ b) Protein chains of collagen form a polypeptide chain composed of 3 alpha helices.

______ c) An active protein contains 4 tertiary subunits.

______ d) Two polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bridges.

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