Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols: (12.1)


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH). This chain will determine the base name of the alcohol.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting from the end nearest to the hydroxyl group to give the -OH group the lowest possible number.
3. Identify and name any substituents (alkyl groups or other functional groups) attached to the main carbon chain.
4. Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alcohol, placing the substituents in alphabetical order and using numbers to indicate their positions on the carbon chain.
5. Add the suffix '-ol' to the base name to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl group, and ensure the position of the -OH group is indicated by a number if necessary.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each compound has a unique and universally accepted name. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining the functional groups present, and applying specific rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately naming alcohols and phenols.

Alcohols

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. The position of the hydroxyl group and the length of the carbon chain are crucial for determining the IUPAC name. Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.

Phenols

Phenols are a class of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The presence of the aromatic ring influences the properties and reactivity of phenols compared to aliphatic alcohols. When naming phenols, the position of the hydroxyl group relative to other substituents on the ring is important for the IUPAC name.