How many NADH and how many FADH₂ molecules are formed in the citric acid cycle?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.
2. Recognize that during one turn of the citric acid cycle, one acetyl-CoA molecule is oxidized.
3. Identify that for each acetyl-CoA molecule, three NADH molecules are produced as electrons are transferred to NAD+.
4. Note that one FADH_2 molecule is produced per acetyl-CoA as electrons are transferred to FAD.
5. Conclude that for each complete turn of the citric acid cycle, three NADH and one FADH_2 molecules are formed.

Key Concepts

Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It occurs in the mitochondria and is a key component of cellular respiration, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce energy carriers.

NADH and FADH₂

NADH and FADH₂ are electron carriers produced during the citric acid cycle. NADH is generated from the reduction of NAD⁺, while FADH₂ is formed from the reduction of FAD. These molecules play a crucial role in transporting electrons to the electron transport chain, where ATP is produced.

Energy Yield

The energy yield from the citric acid cycle includes the production of NADH and FADH₂, which are essential for ATP synthesis. Each turn of the cycle produces three NADH and one FADH₂, contributing to the overall energy output of cellular respiration through oxidative phosphorylation.