Textbook Question
The solubility of NH3 gas in water at an NH₃ pressure of 760.0 mmHg and 25°C is 51.8 g/100 mL and 27.0 g/100 mL at 50°C.
a.What is the solubility of NH3 if its partial pressure is reduced to 225.0 mmHg?
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Ch.9 Solutions
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 35
Why does water not dissolve motor oil?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the principle of solubility: 'Like dissolves like.' This means that polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Recognize that water is a polar molecule. Its polarity arises from the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen atoms, creating a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.
Identify that motor oil is a nonpolar substance. Motor oil consists of long hydrocarbon chains, which lack significant electronegativity differences and do not form dipoles.
Explain that polar molecules like water cannot effectively interact with nonpolar molecules like motor oil. Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other through hydrogen bonding, and they do not form similar interactions with nonpolar molecules.
Conclude that because water and motor oil have different polarities, they are immiscible, meaning they do not mix or dissolve in each other.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Polarity
Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other. This polarity allows water to form hydrogen bonds and interact effectively with other polar substances, but it does not interact well with non-polar substances like motor oil.
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Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Hydrophobic interactions occur between non-polar substances that repel water, while hydrophilic interactions occur between polar substances that attract water. Motor oil is hydrophobic, meaning it does not mix with water. This is because the non-polar molecules in motor oil do not form favorable interactions with the polar water molecules, leading to separation rather than dissolution.
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Solubility Principles
Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, which is influenced by the nature of both the solute and the solvent. The principle 'like dissolves like' suggests that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes. Since water is polar and motor oil is non-polar, they do not dissolve in each other, illustrating this principle.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How can you tell a solution from a colloid?
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Textbook Question
The solubility of CO2 gas in water is 0.15 g/100 mL at a CO2 pressure of 760 mmHg.
b. An atmospheric concentration of 380 ppm, CO2 corresponds to a partial pressure of 0.00038 atm. What percentage of the CO2 originally dissolved in the solution in part (a) remains in solution after the soft drink reaches equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere?
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Textbook Question
The solubility of NH3 gas in water at an NH3 pressure of 760.0 mmHg and 25°C is 51.8 g/100 mL and 27.0 g/100 mL at 50°C.
b. How many moles of NH3 would be released from 1.0 L of a saturated NH3 solution if the temperature was increased from 25 to 50 °C?
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Textbook Question
HF is a weak electrolyte and HBr is a strong electrolyte. Which of the curves in the figure represents the change in the boiling point of an aqueous solution when 1 mole of HF is added to 1 kg of water, and which represents the change when 1 mol of HBr is added?
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Textbook Question
When 1 mol of HCl is added to 1 kg of water, the boiling point increases by 1.0 °C, but when 1 mol of acetic acid, CH3CO2H is added to 1 kg of water, the boiling point increases by only 0.5 °C. Explain.
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