16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Naming Esters
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Provide the systematic name for the following Esther. To do that, we're going to utilize the following steps. Step 1. We have to identify the alkyl group connected to the oxygen atom, and we're going to name the alkyl group as a substituent. Now when it comes to this alkyl group connected to our oxygen, no numerical location for the alkyl group is needed. So if we take a look here, I've highlighted the portion that's the alkyl group. So here it's a 2 Carbon alkyl group, so that's ethyl. Step 3, we identify the carbonyl chain connected to the carbonyl group. So here our carbonyl group is highlighted in yellow here. Step 4, figure out the length of the carbon chain starting from the carbonyl group. So here I've already numbered it for us, so we start here, 1, 2, 3, 4. The Carbonyl group is Carbon number, as Carbon number 1 is implied. Now, here we have to assign numbers, for the location of each substituent on the Carbon Chain with the Carbonyl group. So here we have as our substituent, this methyl group down here. When more than one identical substituents, we use the prefixes of 'di' for 2, Tri for 3, and Tetra for 4. So here we have a methyl group. And remember, this is our original one, the alkyl group which is ethyl. We name all substituents in alphabetical order, prefixes do not count. And here, we're going to use commas to separate numbers from numbers, and we're going to use dashes to separate letters from numbers. Now, letters are not separated from letters and this is important. Here, this is an additional step we have to take in mind, where we write the alkyl group name with spaces. K. So when it comes to writing this alkyl group that's connected to the oxygen, we write it with spaces. So let's put all this together. So e comes before m, so it's gonna be ethyl. Remember this, we write it with spaces. Then we're gonna have what? On carbon number 3 of the carbon chain, we're gonna have a methyl so 3 methyl. And then here it's a 4 carbon chain, which is butane, and as a carboxylic acid, it would have been butanoic acid. But remember, we're changing this to o 8. So it becomes butanoate. So we'd end the name with butano8. So it would be ethyl 3 methyl butanoate, and that would be the name of this particular ester.
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