1. Matter and Measurements4h 29m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 35m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines38m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

23. Lipids

Fatty Acids

GOB Chemistry

23. Lipids

Fatty Acids

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Multiple Choice

Provide a condensed structural formula for a fatty acid with 18 carbons (18:0) and give its common name.

fatty acid molecule Storic acid

fatty acid molecule Palmitic acid

fatty acid molecule Stearic acid

fatty acid molecule Palmitoleic acid

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Textbook Question

Use Figure 23.1 to identify the family of lipids to which each of these molecules belongs.

b. <IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Draw the complete structural formula of arachidonic acid (Table 23.1) in a way that shows the cis stereochemistry of its four double bonds.

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Textbook Question

Draw an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid. Is this a “straight-chain” molecule or a “bent” molecule?

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Textbook Question

Draw an 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that contains two carbon–carbon double bonds, one on carbon 6 and one on carbon 9 (count starting with the carboxyl carbon). Is this a “straight-chain” molecule or a “bent” molecule?

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Textbook Question

Dietary guidelines suggest we limit our intake of butter due to the cholesterol content and substitute oils or margarine. The following table shows the major fatty acid distribution for a typical stick of margarine and also for butter. Values are percentages.

<TABLE>

a. Which contains more monounsaturated fatty acids?

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Textbook Question

<TABLE>

c. Which is likely to contain fewer trans-fatty acids

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Textbook Question

Are the carbon–carbon double bonds in naturally occurring fatty acids primarily cis or trans?

110

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Textbook Question

What is the difference in the location of the first double bond in an omega-3 and an omega-6 fatty acid (see Chemistry Link to Health “Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Fish Oils”)?

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following as a saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega-3, or omega-6 fatty acid: (15.2)

a. <IMAGE>

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Textbook Question

Describe some similarities and differences in the structures of a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid.

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Textbook Question

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following fatty acids:

a. palmitic acid

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Textbook Question

For each of the following fatty acids, give the shorthand notation for the number of carbon atoms and double bonds, and classify as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated:

a. lauric acid

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Textbook Question

For each of the following fatty acids, give the shorthand notation for the number of carbon atoms and double bonds, and classify as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated:

a. linoleic acid

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Textbook Question

How does the structure of a fatty acid with a cis double bond differ from the structure of a fatty acid with a trans double bond?

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Textbook Question

How does the double bond influence the dispersion forces that can form between the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids?

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Textbook Question

Compare the structures and functional groups of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin PGE₁.

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Textbook Question

What are some effects of prostaglandins in the body?

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Textbook Question

How does an anti-inflammatory drug reduce inflammation?

108

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Textbook Question

Sunflower seed oil can be used to make margarine. A triacylglycerol in sunflower seed oil contains two linoleic acids and one oleic acid. (15.2, 15.3, 15.5) <IMAGE>

b. Using one of the isomers, write the reaction that takes place when sunflower seed oil is used to make solid margarine.

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Textbook Question

Draw the skeletal structure and give the name and omega number of the following fatty acid: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂HC=CHCH₂HC= CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH

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Textbook Question

Certain omega-3 fatty acids can be found only in animal sources, such as fatty fish. Two of these are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) [20:5] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [22:6], both of which are ω-3 fatty acids. DHA has been shown to be important in healthy brain development, so it has recently been added to infant formulas. Breast milk is rich in DHA as long as the mother maintains a healthy diet that includes fish. Draw skeletal structures of the fatty acids EPA and DHA.

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Textbook Question

The most prevalent fatty acid in coconut oil is lauric acid, a saturated fatty acid containing 12 carbons. Draw lauric acid in skeletal structure.

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula and skeletal structure of the saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms. What is the name of this fatty acid?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following fatty acids would you expect to be more soluble in cyclohexane?

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Multiple Choice

Provide a skeletal structure for Linolenic acid.