Write the balanced nuclear equation for each of the following: (5.1, 5.2) e. In-113m (γ emission)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the initial isotope: In-113m, where 'm' indicates a metastable state, meaning it is in an excited state.
2. Recognize that γ emission (gamma emission) involves the release of energy from the nucleus without changing the number of protons or neutrons.
3. Write the nuclear equation: In-113m -> In-113 + γ, where In-113m transitions to its ground state, In-113, by emitting a gamma photon (γ).
4. Ensure the atomic number and mass number remain unchanged: Indium (In) has an atomic number of 49, and the mass number is 113 in both the metastable and ground states.
5. Verify that the equation is balanced: The atomic number and mass number on both sides of the equation are equal, confirming the conservation of nucleons and charge.

Key Concepts

Nuclear Isomers

Nuclear isomers are different energy states of the same atomic nucleus, which can exist in a metastable state. In-113m is an isomer of Indium-113, meaning it has the same number of protons and neutrons as Indium-113 but exists at a higher energy level. This higher energy state can be released as gamma radiation when the nucleus transitions to a more stable state.

Gamma Emission

Gamma emission is a type of radioactive decay where an unstable nucleus releases energy in the form of gamma rays, which are high-energy photons. This process does not change the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus, thus the atomic number and mass number remain unchanged. It is a common way for nuclei to lose excess energy and achieve stability.

Balanced Nuclear Equation

A balanced nuclear equation represents a nuclear reaction, ensuring that the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) and the charge are conserved. In writing such equations, the initial and final states of the nucleus must be accurately depicted, including any emitted particles like gamma rays. This balance is crucial for understanding the transformation of elements during radioactive decay.