Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:


d. 2-methyl-3-pentanone

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the functional group in 2-methyl-3-pentanone, which is a ketone with the carbonyl group (C=O) located on the third carbon of the chain.
2. Understand that the reduction of a ketone involves the addition of hydrogen (H₂) across the carbonyl group, converting the C=O bond into a C-OH bond, forming an alcohol.
3. Recognize that the presence of a nickel catalyst facilitates the hydrogenation process, allowing the hydrogen to add to the carbonyl group.
4. Determine the structure of the alcohol by replacing the C=O group in 2-methyl-3-pentanone with a C-OH group, resulting in a secondary alcohol.
5. Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol, ensuring to maintain the original carbon skeleton and substituents, which in this case is 2-methylpentan-3-ol.

Key Concepts

Reduction Reaction

Reduction is a chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. In organic chemistry, this often refers to the conversion of carbonyl compounds, like ketones and aldehydes, into alcohols. The process typically involves the addition of hydrogen, which can be facilitated by catalysts such as nickel.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It provides a simplified view of the molecular structure, indicating how atoms are grouped together. For example, in alcohols, the hydroxyl (-OH) group is highlighted, showing its connection to the carbon chain.

Nickel Catalyst

A nickel catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In the context of hydrogenation reactions, nickel is commonly used to facilitate the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated compounds, such as ketones. Its role is crucial in reducing the carbonyl group of ketones to form alcohols efficiently.