Complete the following table:

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the given pH value of the solution, which is 2.50.
2. Determine the nature of the solution based on the pH value: if pH < 7, it is acidic; if pH = 7, it is neutral; if pH > 7, it is basic.
3. Calculate the concentration of hydronium ions [H3O+] using the formula [H3O+] = 10^(-pH).
4. Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH-] using the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-]: [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^(-14) at 25°C.
5. Fill in the table with the calculated values for [H3O+], [OH-], and the nature of the solution (acidic, neutral, or basic).

Key Concepts

pH Scale

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 indicate acidity and values above 7 indicate basicity. Each whole number change on the pH scale represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration, making it crucial for understanding the properties of various substances.

Hydronium Ion Concentration

The concentration of hydronium ions ([H₃O⁺]) in a solution is directly related to its pH. A higher concentration of hydronium ions corresponds to a lower pH, indicating a more acidic solution. For example, a pH of 2.50 suggests a high concentration of hydronium ions, which is typical for strong acids like toilet bowl cleaners.

Acidic, Neutral, or Basic

Substances can be classified as acidic, neutral, or basic based on their pH values. Acidic substances have a pH less than 7, neutral substances have a pH of 7, and basic substances have a pH greater than 7. Understanding this classification helps in predicting the behavior of substances in chemical reactions and their effects on the environment.