Draw the line-angle formula and write the IUPAC name for each of the following: (14.1)


a. A carboxylic acid that has the formula C6H12O2, with no substituents

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the functional group of a carboxylic acid, which is $-COOH$.
2. Determine the number of carbon atoms in the main chain, which is 6, as indicated by the formula C6H12O2.
3. Draw a straight chain of 6 carbon atoms, ensuring the carboxylic acid group $-COOH$ is at one end of the chain.
4. Use the line-angle formula to represent the structure, where each vertex represents a carbon atom and lines represent bonds.
5. Name the compound using IUPAC nomenclature: the root name for a 6-carbon chain is 'hexane', and with the carboxylic acid group, it becomes 'hexanoic acid'.

Key Concepts

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules. In this format, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds between them. Hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for carbon, as they are implied by the tetravalency of carbon. This method simplifies the visualization of complex structures, making it easier to identify functional groups and molecular connectivity.

Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH). This functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties and are commonly found in various biological and industrial processes. The IUPAC naming convention for carboxylic acids involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group and adding the suffix '-oic acid.'

IUPAC Naming Convention

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) naming convention provides a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. It ensures that each compound has a unique name that reflects its structure and functional groups. For carboxylic acids, the name is derived from the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group, with the suffix '-oic acid' added. This standardized approach helps chemists communicate effectively about compounds and their properties.