Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:


a. cis-1,2-difluoroethene

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of ethene (C2H4), which is a simple alkene with a double bond between the two carbon atoms.
2. Recognize that 'cis' indicates that the substituents (in this case, fluorine atoms) are on the same side of the double bond.
3. Replace two hydrogen atoms in ethene with fluorine atoms at the 1 and 2 positions, ensuring both fluorine atoms are on the same side of the double bond.
4. Write the condensed structural formula by placing the fluorine atoms on the same side of the double bond, resulting in a structure like FHC=CHF.
5. Ensure the structure reflects the 'cis' configuration, where both fluorine atoms are on the same side, and verify the correct number of hydrogen atoms are present.

Key Concepts

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It simplifies the structure by grouping atoms together, often indicating the number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom. This format is particularly useful for organic compounds, allowing for quick visualization of molecular structure.

Cis-Trans Isomerism

Cis-trans isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism where compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms. In cis isomers, similar groups are on the same side of a double bond or ring structure, while in trans isomers, they are on opposite sides. This difference can significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the compounds, such as boiling points and reactivity.

Fluoroalkenes

Fluoroalkenes are alkenes that contain fluorine atoms in their structure. The presence of fluorine can influence the reactivity and stability of the compound due to its electronegativity and ability to form strong bonds. In the case of cis-1,2-difluoroethene, the two fluorine atoms are attached to the first and second carbon atoms of the ethene molecule, affecting its geometric configuration and properties.