Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. This typically occurs when a metal donates electrons to a non-metal, resulting in the formation of cations and anions. For example, in BaCl₂, barium (Ba) loses two electrons to become Ba²⁺, while chlorine (Cl) gains an electron to become Cl⁻, creating an ionic bond.
Recommended video:
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, typically between non-metal atoms. This type of bond allows each atom to attain a full outer shell of electrons, leading to greater stability. An example is water (H₂O), where each hydrogen atom shares an electron with the oxygen atom, resulting in covalent bonds.
Recommended video:
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
Coordinate covalent bonds occur when one atom donates both electrons to a bond, while the other atom does not contribute any electrons. This type of bond is often seen in complex ions and coordination compounds. An example is the formation of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), where a nitrogen atom donates a lone pair to bond with a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
Recommended video: