Write both the complete structural formula of succinic acid (refer to Table 17.1), showing all bonds, and the line-angle structural formula.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the molecular formula of succinic acid, which is C₄H₆O₄.
2. Draw the complete structural formula by arranging the carbon atoms in a chain and adding the carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) at each end.
3. For the complete structural formula, show all bonds: connect each carbon atom with single bonds and attach hydrogen atoms to satisfy the tetravalency of carbon.
4. For the line-angle structural formula, represent each carbon atom as a vertex or end of a line, omitting hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon, and show the carboxylic acid groups explicitly.
5. Ensure that the line-angle formula accurately reflects the connectivity and functional groups of succinic acid.

Key Concepts

Structural Formula

A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how they are bonded together. In the case of succinic acid, the complete structural formula will depict all atoms, including carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), along with the specific bonds between them. This detailed representation is crucial for understanding the molecule's chemical properties and reactivity.

Line-Angle Structural Formula

The line-angle structural formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified way to represent organic molecules. In this format, carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for clarity. This method allows for a quick visualization of the molecular structure, making it easier to identify functional groups and overall geometry.

Succinic Acid

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O4. It consists of a four-carbon chain with two carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups at each end. Understanding its structure is essential for studying its chemical behavior, applications in various industries, and its role in metabolic pathways, such as the citric acid cycle.