Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:


b. 4-chloro-2-pentanone

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent chain: The name '2-pentanone' indicates a five-carbon chain with a ketone group on the second carbon.
2. Determine the position of the ketone group: The '2-' in '2-pentanone' specifies that the ketone group (C=O) is on the second carbon of the pentane chain.
3. Locate the chlorine substituent: The '4-chloro' indicates a chlorine atom attached to the fourth carbon of the chain.
4. Draw the carbon backbone: Start with a five-carbon chain (pentane) and number the carbons from 1 to 5.
5. Add the functional groups: Place the ketone group (C=O) on the second carbon and the chlorine atom (Cl) on the fourth carbon to complete the structure.

Key Concepts

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically uses symbols for atoms and groups, allowing for a more compact representation. For example, in a condensed formula, carbon atoms are often grouped together with their attached hydrogens, simplifying the visualization of the molecule's structure.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of 4-chloro-2-pentanone, the ketone functional group (C=O) is crucial, as it defines the compound's reactivity and properties. Understanding functional groups helps in predicting the behavior of organic compounds in chemical reactions.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, including the identification of the longest carbon chain and the position of substituents. For 4-chloro-2-pentanone, the name indicates the presence of a chlorine atom at the fourth carbon and a ketone group at the second carbon of a five-carbon chain.