Draw the enantiomer of the following monosaccharides, and in each pair identify the d sugar and the l sugar.


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the chiral centers in the monosaccharide structure.
2. Determine the configuration (R or S) of each chiral center in the given monosaccharide.
3. Draw the enantiomer by inverting the configuration at each chiral center.
4. Label the enantiomers as D or L based on the configuration of the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group.
5. Compare the drawn enantiomers to identify which is the D-sugar and which is the L-sugar.

Key Concepts

Enantiomers

Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They occur when a molecule has at least one chiral center, which is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. In the context of monosaccharides, enantiomers can significantly affect the properties and biological activity of the sugars.

D and L Configuration

The D and L notation is used to designate the configuration of sugars based on the orientation of the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the chiral carbon farthest from the aldehyde or ketone group. If the -OH group is on the right in a Fischer projection, the sugar is classified as D; if it is on the left, it is classified as L. This classification is crucial for understanding the sugar's behavior in biological systems.

Fischer Projection

A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule, particularly useful for depicting the stereochemistry of sugars. In this format, vertical lines represent bonds that go back into the plane, while horizontal lines represent bonds that come out of the plane. Understanding Fischer projections is essential for drawing enantiomers and identifying their D and L configurations.