Write the condensed formula for each of the following molecules:


(b) 1,3-dichloro-3-methylheptane

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent chain: The name 'heptane' indicates a 7-carbon chain.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the chain: Start from the end closest to the substituents to give them the lowest possible numbers.
3. Identify and place the substituents: The name '1,3-dichloro-3-methyl' indicates chlorine atoms on carbons 1 and 3, and a methyl group on carbon 3.
4. Write the condensed formula: Start from one end of the chain and write the formula, including the substituents at their respective positions.
5. Combine the information: Ensure the condensed formula reflects the correct structure with all substituents in place.

Key Concepts

Condensed Formula

A condensed formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It provides a simplified view of the molecular structure, indicating how atoms are grouped together. For example, in a condensed formula, carbon atoms are often listed in a linear fashion, with hydrogen atoms implied based on the tetravalency of carbon.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides rules for naming organic compounds based on their structure, including the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of substituents, and the use of prefixes and suffixes. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately interpreting and writing chemical names and formulas.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the case of 1,3-dichloro-3-methylheptane, the substituents are two chlorine atoms and one methyl group attached to the heptane backbone. Recognizing the position and type of substituents is crucial for constructing the correct condensed formula and understanding the compound's properties.