Redraw each of the following in line structure format. Indicate which compounds have an aldehyde carbonyl group, a ketone carbonyl group, or neither.
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Identify the functional groups present in each compound from the image.
For each compound, look for the carbonyl group, which is a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen (C=O).
Determine if the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain (aldehyde) or within the carbon chain (ketone).
If the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain and bonded to at least one hydrogen, it is an aldehyde.
If the carbonyl group is within the chain and bonded to two carbon atoms, it is a ketone. If neither condition is met, the compound has neither an aldehyde nor a ketone group.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Aldehyde Carbonyl Group
An aldehyde carbonyl group is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) and also bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. This functional group is typically found at the end of a carbon chain, making aldehydes distinct from other carbonyl-containing compounds. Common examples include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
A ketone carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) and is flanked by two other carbon atoms. Unlike aldehydes, ketones do not have hydrogen atoms directly attached to the carbonyl carbon, which places them in the middle of carbon chains. Acetone and butanone are well-known examples of ketones.
Line structure format is a simplified way of representing organic molecules where lines represent bonds between atoms, and vertices represent carbon atoms. This notation omits hydrogen atoms attached to carbons for clarity, making it easier to visualize complex structures. Understanding this format is essential for accurately interpreting and drawing chemical compounds.