Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain in the molecule. This will determine the base name of the compound.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent encountered.
3. Identify and name the substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Use prefixes like 'methyl-', 'ethyl-', etc., based on the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.
4. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the main chain, ensuring the lowest possible numbers for the substituents.
5. Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the carbon chain, arranging them alphabetically and using hyphens to separate numbers from letters.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a set of rules to create unique names for organic and inorganic substances based on their structure, functional groups, and other characteristics. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of chemical compounds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for determining the IUPAC name, as they influence the naming conventions and the overall classification of the compound.

Structural Representation

Structural representation refers to the way a chemical compound is depicted, showing the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. This can include various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. Analyzing the structural representation is vital for deriving the correct IUPAC name, as it provides the necessary information about the compound's connectivity and geometry.