Someone with severe diabetes obtains energy by the breakdown of fats, which produce large amounts of acidic substances. How would this affect the pH of the blood plasma?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the breakdown of fats in the body leads to the production of acidic substances, such as ketone bodies.
2. Recognize that an increase in acidic substances in the blood will lead to a decrease in pH, making the blood more acidic.
3. Recall that the normal pH range of blood is approximately 7.35 to 7.45, and any significant deviation from this range can affect bodily functions.
4. Consider the condition known as ketoacidosis, which occurs when the blood becomes too acidic due to the accumulation of ketone bodies.
5. Conclude that the breakdown of fats in someone with severe diabetes can lead to a decrease in blood plasma pH, potentially resulting in a state of acidosis.

Key Concepts

Diabetes and Metabolism

In severe diabetes, the body cannot effectively utilize glucose for energy due to insulin deficiency or resistance. As a result, it turns to fat metabolism, leading to the production of ketone bodies, which are acidic. This shift in energy sources is crucial for understanding the metabolic state of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

Acidosis

Acidosis refers to an increase in acidity in the blood, which can occur when the production of acidic substances, such as ketones, exceeds the body's ability to neutralize them. In diabetic patients, the accumulation of ketone bodies can lead to a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis, significantly lowering blood pH and potentially causing serious health complications.

Blood pH Regulation

The human body maintains blood pH within a narrow range (7.35-7.45) through various mechanisms, including buffer systems, respiratory control, and renal function. When acidic substances accumulate, the body attempts to compensate, but excessive acidity can overwhelm these systems, leading to a dangerous drop in pH and requiring medical intervention.