Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ammonia Toxicity
Ammonia (NH₃) is a byproduct of protein metabolism and is highly toxic to cells. In mammals, high levels of ammonia can disrupt cellular functions and lead to neurological damage. Therefore, the body must convert ammonia into less toxic substances to maintain homeostasis and protect vital organs.
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Urea Cycle
The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur primarily in the liver, converting ammonia into urea. This process involves several enzymes and intermediates, ultimately resulting in urea, which is far less toxic and can be safely excreted in urine. The cycle is crucial for nitrogen disposal in the body.
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Nitrogen Excretion
Nitrogen excretion is the process by which the body eliminates excess nitrogen, primarily derived from amino acid metabolism. Urea is the main form of nitrogen excretion in mammals, as it allows for the safe removal of nitrogen without the harmful effects associated with ammonia. This process is essential for maintaining nitrogen balance and overall metabolic health.
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