The reverse reaction of hydration is dehydration. The dehydration of an alcohol involves removing an OH from one carbon and an H from the carbon next to it to form an alkene. In glycolysis, the enzyme enolase catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which contains a carbon–carbon double bond. Complete the reaction below by drawing the structure of PEP.
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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of 2-phosphoglycerate, which is the substrate for the reaction.
2. Recognize that dehydration involves the removal of a water molecule (H2O) from the substrate.
3. Locate the hydroxyl group (OH) and a hydrogen atom (H) on adjacent carbon atoms in 2-phosphoglycerate.
4. Remove the OH group and the adjacent H atom to form a double bond between the two carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
5. Draw the structure of PEP, ensuring the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond and the phosphate group attached to the molecule.

Key Concepts

Dehydration Reaction

A dehydration reaction is a chemical process that involves the removal of water from a molecule. In organic chemistry, this often occurs when an alcohol loses a hydroxyl group (OH) and a hydrogen atom (H) from adjacent carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of a double bond, typically an alkene. This reaction is crucial in various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. It consists of a series of enzymatic reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate, with several intermediates formed along the way. The dehydration step catalyzed by enolase is essential for the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, a key intermediate in energy production.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is a high-energy compound that plays a critical role in glycolysis and other metabolic pathways. It contains a carbon–carbon double bond and is formed from 2-phosphoglycerate through a dehydration reaction. PEP is important for the transfer of phosphate groups in subsequent reactions, particularly in the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration.