Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Structural Isomers
Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. This can include variations in the connectivity of the carbon skeleton or the position of functional groups. Understanding structural isomers is crucial for analyzing how different configurations can lead to distinct chemical properties and biological functions.
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Stereoisomers
Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms. This category includes enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other, and diastereomers, which are not mirror images. Recognizing stereoisomers is essential for understanding the three-dimensional aspects of molecular interactions.
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D- and L- Isomers
D- and L- isomers refer to the configuration of chiral centers in carbohydrates, based on the orientation of the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon. The 'D' designation indicates that the hydroxyl group is on the right in a Fischer projection, while 'L' indicates it is on the left. This classification is important for determining the biological activity and reactivity of sugars.
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D vs L Enantiomers Concept 1