Name an enzyme that acts on each molecule.
a. Lactose

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of molecule lactose is. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.
2. Understand that enzymes are specific to the substrates they act upon. In this case, we need an enzyme that can break down lactose into its monosaccharide components.
3. Recall that the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose is called lactase.
4. Lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose.
5. Conclude that lactase is the enzyme that acts on lactose.

Key Concepts

Lactase

Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed by the body. Individuals who lack sufficient lactase may experience lactose intolerance, leading to digestive issues when consuming dairy.

Enzyme Function

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process. They work by lowering the activation energy required for reactions, allowing substrates to convert into products more efficiently. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate, which is determined by the enzyme's active site structure.

Substrate Specificity

Substrate specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to selectively bind to a particular substrate and catalyze a specific reaction. This specificity is crucial for metabolic pathways, as it ensures that enzymes only act on the intended molecules, preventing unwanted reactions. The unique shape and chemical properties of the enzyme's active site determine this specificity.