Certain omega-3 fatty acids can be found only in animal sources, such as fatty fish. Two of these are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) [20:5] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [22:6], both of which are ω-3 fatty acids. DHA has been shown to be important in healthy brain development, so it has recently been added to infant formulas. Breast milk is rich in DHA as long as the mother maintains a healthy diet that includes fish. Draw skeletal structures of the fatty acids EPA and DHA.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) [20:5]. This indicates a 20-carbon chain with 5 double bonds.
2. Identify the structure of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [22:6]. This indicates a 22-carbon chain with 6 double bonds.
3. For both EPA and DHA, note that they are omega-3 fatty acids, meaning the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end (the end opposite the carboxylic acid group).
4. Draw the carbon chain for EPA with 20 carbons, and place the double bonds at the appropriate positions, starting from the omega end: C3, C6, C9, C12, and C15.
5. Draw the carbon chain for DHA with 22 carbons, and place the double bonds at the appropriate positions, starting from the omega end: C3, C6, C9, C12, C15, and C18.

Key Concepts

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own, requiring them to be obtained through diet. They are crucial for various bodily functions, including heart health and brain development. The primary types include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with EPA and DHA primarily sourced from fatty fish.

Skeletal Structures of Fatty Acids

The skeletal structure of fatty acids represents their molecular framework, illustrating the arrangement of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. For EPA and DHA, these structures highlight the number of carbon atoms and the presence of double bonds, which are critical for understanding their chemical properties and biological functions. Drawing these structures helps visualize the differences between various fatty acids.

Role of DHA in Brain Development

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a vital omega-3 fatty acid that plays a significant role in brain development and function. It is particularly important during infancy, as it contributes to the growth of neural tissues and cognitive development. DHA is abundant in breast milk and is often added to infant formulas to ensure adequate intake for optimal brain health.