Identify each pathway as anabolic or catabolic


b. citric acid cycle

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions: Anabolic pathways are those that build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy. Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
2. Consider the citric acid cycle: This cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
3. Analyze the process: The citric acid cycle involves the breakdown of acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
4. Determine the pathway type: Since the citric acid cycle involves the breakdown of molecules and the release of energy, it is a catabolic pathway.
5. Conclude: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic pathway because it breaks down acetyl-CoA and releases energy.

Key Concepts

Anabolic Pathways

Anabolic pathways are metabolic processes that build larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input. These pathways are essential for growth, repair, and the synthesis of complex biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. An example of an anabolic process is protein synthesis, where amino acids are linked together to form proteins.

Catabolic Pathways

Catabolic pathways are metabolic processes that break down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process. This energy is often captured in the form of ATP, which cells use for various functions. An example of a catabolic pathway is glycolysis, where glucose is broken down to produce energy.

Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that plays a central role in cellular respiration. It is primarily catabolic, as it involves the breakdown of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy carriers like NADH and FADH2. These carriers then feed into the electron transport chain to generate ATP.