Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 29m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 35m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines38m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Intro to Hydrocarbons

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Intro to Hydrocarbons

Problem 30bMcMurry - 8th Edition

Textbook Question

Draw an example of a saturated four carbon compound and an unsaturated four carbon compound.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the structure of a saturated four-carbon compound: A saturated compound contains only single bonds between carbon atoms. For a four-carbon compound, consider butane (C_4H_10) as an example.

Draw the structure of butane: Arrange four carbon atoms in a straight chain and add hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valency of carbon (each carbon forms four bonds). The structure is CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3.

Identify the structure of an unsaturated four-carbon compound: An unsaturated compound contains at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. For a four-carbon compound, consider 1-butene (C_4H_8) as an example.

Draw the structure of 1-butene: Arrange four carbon atoms in a chain with a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. Add hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valency of carbon. The structure is CH_2=CH-CH_2-CH_3.

Compare the two structures: Note that butane is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms, while 1-butene has a double bond, indicating unsaturation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Saturated Compounds

Saturated compounds are organic molecules that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. This means that each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, resulting in a structure that is fully 'saturated' with hydrogen. An example of a saturated four-carbon compound is butane (C4H10), which has a straight-chain structure with all single bonds.

Unsaturated Compounds

Unsaturated compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, which reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton. This characteristic allows for the possibility of additional reactions, such as hydrogenation. An example of an unsaturated four-carbon compound is butene (C4H8), which can exist in different isomeric forms, including cis and trans configurations.

Structural Representation

Structural representation refers to the way in which the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is depicted, often using line drawings or molecular formulas. In organic chemistry, these representations help visualize the connectivity and geometry of the compound. For example, a saturated compound like butane can be represented as a straight chain, while an unsaturated compound like butene will show the double bond, indicating its unsaturation.