State if each of the following processes release or require ATP: (18.4, 18.5, 18.6)


g. activation of a fatty acid

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the activation of a fatty acid is the first step in fatty acid metabolism, which prepares the fatty acid for oxidation.
2. Recognize that this process involves converting a fatty acid into acyl-CoA, a more reactive form, by attaching it to coenzyme A.
3. Know that the activation of a fatty acid to form acyl-CoA requires energy input.
4. Recall that this energy is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate (PPi), which is equivalent to using two ATP molecules.
5. Conclude that the activation of a fatty acid requires ATP.

Key Concepts

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP is the primary energy carrier in all living organisms. It stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds, which can be released to fuel various cellular processes. Understanding ATP's role is crucial for determining whether a process releases or requires energy.

Fatty Acid Activation

Fatty acid activation is the process by which fatty acids are converted into acyl-CoA, enabling their entry into metabolic pathways like beta-oxidation. This process requires energy, specifically in the form of ATP, to form the high-energy thioester bond with CoA.

Energy Metabolism

Energy metabolism encompasses the biochemical processes that convert nutrients into energy. It includes pathways like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Understanding these pathways helps clarify how ATP is utilized or produced during various metabolic reactions.