Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols: (12.1)


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH). This will determine the base name of the alcohol.
2. Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearest to the hydroxyl group to give the lowest possible number to the -OH group.
3. Identify and name any substituents (alkyl groups, halogens, etc.) attached to the carbon chain.
4. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the carbon chain, and list them in alphabetical order in the name.
5. Combine the elements of the name: position numbers, substituents, base name, and the suffix '-ol' to indicate the presence of an alcohol group.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to ensure that each compound has a unique and descriptive name, which reflects its structure. For alcohols, the suffix '-ol' is used, while phenols are a specific type of alcohol where the hydroxyl group is directly attached to an aromatic ring.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of alcohols and phenols, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is the functional group that defines their properties and reactivity. Recognizing functional groups is essential for correctly identifying and naming compounds.

Structural Representation

Structural representation refers to the way in which the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is depicted. This can include Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal formulas. Understanding structural representation is crucial for determining the correct IUPAC name, as it allows one to identify the longest carbon chain, the position of functional groups, and any branching in the molecule.