Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 29m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 35m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines38m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

10. Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equivalents

GOB Chemistry

10. Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equivalents

1:21 minutes

Problem 88McMurry - 8th Edition

Textbook Question

How many equivalents of an acid or base are in the following? 0.25 mol Mg(OH)₂

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the number of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in one formula unit of Mg(OH)₂. Each Mg(OH)₂ contains 2 OH⁻ ions.

Understand that one equivalent of a base is defined as the amount of the base that can furnish one mole of OH⁻ ions.

Calculate the total number of moles of OH⁻ ions provided by 0.25 mol of Mg(OH)₂. Since each mole of Mg(OH)₂ provides 2 moles of OH⁻, multiply 0.25 mol by 2.

Determine the number of equivalents of the base by recognizing that the number of equivalents is equal to the number of moles of OH⁻ ions.

Conclude that the number of equivalents of the base is equal to the total moles of OH⁻ ions calculated in the previous step.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Equivalents in Acid-Base Chemistry

In acid-base chemistry, an equivalent refers to the amount of a substance that can donate or accept one mole of protons (H⁺ ions) in a reaction. For acids, this is often the number of protons they can donate, while for bases, it is the number of protons they can accept. Understanding equivalents is crucial for stoichiometric calculations in titrations and reactions.

Stoichiometry of Magnesium Hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂, is a strong base that dissociates in water to produce magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Each formula unit of Mg(OH)₂ can provide two hydroxide ions, which means it has a stoichiometric coefficient of 2 for hydroxide in acid-base reactions. This property is essential for calculating the number of equivalents present in a given amount of the compound.

Molarity and Moles

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this context, knowing the number of moles of Mg(OH)₂ (0.25 mol) allows us to calculate the total number of equivalents by considering the number of hydroxide ions produced. This relationship between moles and equivalents is fundamental for determining how much of a substance is needed to neutralize an acid or base.

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