The human insulin gene contains a number of sequences that are removed in the processing of the mRNA transcript. In spite of the fact that bacterial cells cannot excise these sequences from mRNA transcripts, explain how a gene like this can be cloned into a bacterial cell and produce insulin.

Key Concepts

Gene Cloning

Gene cloning is a molecular biology technique used to create copies of a specific gene. This process involves isolating the gene of interest, inserting it into a vector (like a plasmid), and introducing this vector into a host organism, such as bacteria. The bacteria then replicate the vector, allowing for the production of the gene product, which can be harvested for further use.

cDNA Synthesis

cDNA (complementary DNA) synthesis is a process used to create a DNA copy of an mRNA transcript. This is achieved using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which synthesizes cDNA from the mRNA template. By using cDNA, researchers can bypass the introns present in the original gene, allowing for the expression of a functional protein, such as insulin, in bacterial cells.

Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations. In the context of insulin production, the cDNA of the human insulin gene can be inserted into a bacterial plasmid, allowing the bacteria to produce human insulin. This technology is fundamental in biotechnology and medicine, enabling the mass production of proteins that are otherwise difficult to obtain.