Radiation is frequently used as part of the treatment of cancer. The radiation works by damaging DNA and components of the cell. Is there a risk of damage to noncancer cells?

Key Concepts

DNA Damage

DNA damage refers to alterations in the DNA structure that can lead to mutations or cell death. In cancer treatment, radiation therapy targets rapidly dividing cancer cells by inducing breaks in their DNA. However, this process can also affect normal cells, leading to potential side effects.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a medical treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells. It works by damaging the DNA of the targeted cells, making it difficult for them to reproduce. While effective against tumors, it can also inadvertently harm surrounding healthy tissues.

Cell Cycle and Repair Mechanisms

Cells go through a cycle of growth and division, and they have mechanisms to repair DNA damage. Normal cells can often repair themselves after radiation exposure, but cancer cells may lack these effective repair pathways. Understanding the differences in repair capabilities is crucial for assessing the risks of radiation damage to noncancer cells.