Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
Sex-Linked Genes
1:58 minutes
Problem 27a
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionWhen the cloned cat Carbon Copy (CC) was born (see the Now Solve This question in Section 7.4), she had black patches and white patches, but completely lacked any orange patches. The knowledgeable students of genetics were not surprised at this outcome. Starting with the somatic ovarian cell used as the source of the nucleus in the cloning process, explain how this outcome occurred.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
X-Inactivation
X-inactivation is a process in female mammals where one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell. This leads to a mosaic expression of genes located on the X chromosome, which is particularly relevant in calico cats. In the case of Carbon Copy, the absence of orange patches indicates that the X chromosome carrying the orange fur allele was inactivated in the cells contributing to her fur color.
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X-Inactivation
Cloning and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
Cloning, particularly through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated egg cell. The genetic material from the somatic cell dictates the traits of the clone. In Carbon Copy's case, the somatic cell used was likely from a cat with a specific coat color pattern, influencing the resulting fur coloration.
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Genetic Mosaicism
Genetic mosaicism refers to the presence of two or more genetically different cell lines within the same individual. In the context of Carbon Copy, the genetic makeup of her fur is a result of the different X chromosomes being expressed in different patches, leading to the observed black and white coloration without orange. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding the fur patterns in calico cats.
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