Answer the following questions concerning the accuracy of DNA polymerase during replication.

If the kind of abnormality identified in part (c) is not corrected before the next DNA replication cycle, what kind of mutation occurs?

Key Concepts

DNA Polymerase Function

DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication. Its accuracy is crucial for maintaining genetic fidelity, as it also possesses proofreading abilities to correct errors that occur during replication.

Types of Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur due to errors in replication, environmental factors, or other influences. They can be classified into several types, including point mutations (single nucleotide changes), insertions, deletions, and larger chromosomal alterations, each with different implications for gene function and organismal traits.

Consequences of Uncorrected Errors

If abnormalities in DNA replication are not corrected, they can lead to permanent mutations in the next replication cycle. These mutations can result in altered protein function, which may contribute to diseases, including cancer, or affect the organism's phenotype, depending on the nature and location of the mutation within the genome.