How are flanking direct repeat sequences created by transposition?

Key Concepts

Transposition

Transposition is the process by which a segment of DNA, known as a transposon or 'jumping gene', moves from one location in the genome to another. This movement can occur through a 'cut and paste' mechanism or a 'copy and paste' mechanism, leading to the insertion of the transposon at a new site. Understanding transposition is crucial for grasping how flanking direct repeat sequences are formed.

Flanking Direct Repeat Sequences

Flanking direct repeat sequences are short, identical sequences of DNA that are found on either side of a transposon after it has inserted into a new location. These repeats are created during the transposition process when the transposon excises itself from the original site, leaving behind a gap that is filled by the host's DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in the duplication of the adjacent sequences.

DNA Repair Mechanisms

DNA repair mechanisms are cellular processes that correct damage to the DNA structure. When a transposon inserts itself into a new location, the host cell's repair systems recognize the break in the DNA and work to mend it. This repair often results in the duplication of the sequences adjacent to the insertion site, thereby creating the flanking direct repeat sequences that are characteristic of transposon insertion.