What lines of evidence support the hypothesis that modern humans evolved in Africa and then subsequently migrated throughout the globe?

Key Concepts

Out of Africa Theory

The Out of Africa Theory posits that modern humans (Homo sapiens) originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world. This theory is supported by genetic, fossil, and archaeological evidence, suggesting that all non-African populations are descended from a small group of humans that left Africa approximately 60,000 years ago.

Genetic Evidence

Genetic evidence, particularly mitochondrial DNA analysis, shows that the greatest genetic diversity is found in African populations. This diversity indicates a longer period of evolution in Africa compared to other regions, supporting the idea that modern humans originated there before dispersing globally.

Fossil Record

The fossil record provides critical evidence for human evolution, with numerous hominin fossils found in Africa that date back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans. These fossils, along with archaeological findings, help trace the migration patterns and adaptations of early humans as they spread across different continents.