Bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts can differ—in the tr...

Question

Bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts can differ—in the transcripts themselves, in whether the transcripts are modified before translation, and in how the transcripts are modified. For each of these three areas of contrast, describe what the differences are and why the differences exist.

Accepted Answer

Hi, everybody. Let's look at our next question. Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts. Choice A bacterial transcripts are longer and more complex than new Caro transcripts. Choice B bacterial transcripts undergo post transcription modifications but E Caro transcripts do not choice. C eucaryotic transcripts undergo alternative splicing while bacterial transcripts do not. And choice D E Caro transcripts do not require a five prime cap and three prime Polier tail while bacterial transcripts do. So the first thing to start with is what is a gene transcript in case we've forgotten. And that would be of course, the R N A produced by the transcription process. So we're thinking about the difference between the R N A molecules produced in bacteria versus you carry outs. So with that in mind, let's think about which of these statements is correct in describing the difference between the gene transcripts and bacteria and new caros. So choice A gives us bacterial transcripts are longer and more complex. Well, this one is pretty easy to eliminate, sort of just thinking uh intuitively about the question. We know that bacteria of course, are just much more simple organisms than E caros. And so it makes sense that Eu Caros need longer and more complex R N A molecules to generate everything going on. All the organelles, all the structures, all the proteins in them. As compared to bacteria. Choice B says bacterial transcripts undergo posttranscriptional modifications, but you carry out a transcripts do not. So let's think about what are those post transcription modifications. So when you go through the transcription process, you generate a pre R N A and then you have in trans splicing to remove the Enron and just have the axons enrons and just have the exxons left behind. You have the addition of a five prime cap and a poly a tail. Those help to stabilize the M R N A as it moves out of the nucleus, we recall M R N A since it's just single stranded is much less sturdy than DNA. So those things help protect it. And the five prime cap helps to start the process of translation in addition and to direct the R N A movement. But those things are very important in both bacteria and E caros both undergo a post transcription modification. So that's not our answer to I ce Caro transcripts undergo alternative splicing while bacterial transcripts do not. Well, here we do have our correct statement. Alternative spicing is really an important source of genetic diversity in ear outs. And of course, as we saw when talking about choice A we recall that you carry outs are a lot more complex than bacteria and therefore need a lot more products from, from those genes. Alternative spicing involves combining exxons in different ways from the same gene resulting in different M R N A transcripts and therefore different proteins. So it's a way to produce multiple different proteins from a single gene, multiplying the number of proteins and the diversity of products that can be produced from the genes. So choice C is correct and we'll just be complete here and look at choice D E Caro transcripts do not require a five prime cap and three prime poly a tail. While bacterial transcripts do well as we discussed when looking at Choice B, both ear out and bacteria need those modifications including the five prime cap and poly A tail. So again, which correctly, correctly describes the differences between U Caro and bacterial gene transcripts. Choice C eukaryotic transcripts undergo alternative spicing while bacterial transcripts do not see you in the next video.

Bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts can differ—in the transcripts themselves, in whether the transcripts are modified before translation, and in how the transcripts are modified. For each of these three areas of contrast, describe what the differences are and why the differences exist.

Key Concepts

Gene Transcription

RNA Processing

Post-Transcriptional Regulation

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