For each pedigree shown,

Determine which other pattern(s) of transmission is/are possible. For each possible mode of transmission, specify the genotypes necessary for transmission to occur. <>

Key Concepts

Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree analysis is a diagrammatic method used to trace the inheritance patterns of traits across generations in a family. It helps identify whether a trait is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or Y-linked. By examining the relationships and phenotypes of family members, one can infer the possible genotypes and modes of inheritance for specific traits.

Modes of Inheritance

Modes of inheritance refer to the patterns through which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring. The primary modes include autosomal dominant, where only one copy of a mutated gene is sufficient for expression, and autosomal recessive, where two copies are needed. Other modes include X-linked inheritance, which affects genes on the X chromosome, and mitochondrial inheritance, which is passed through the maternal line.

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a given gene, while phenotype is the observable expression of those genes, influenced by both genotype and environmental factors. Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is crucial for predicting how traits may be expressed in offspring based on parental genotypes in pedigree analysis.