Which of the examples of genetic testing below are prognostic tests? Which are diagnostic?

Genetic testing in a healthy teenager identifies an SNP correlated with autism.

Key Concepts

Prognostic Testing

Prognostic testing assesses the likelihood of developing a disease or condition in the future based on genetic markers. These tests help predict the risk of disease onset, allowing for early intervention or monitoring. For example, identifying genetic variants associated with a higher risk of developing autism can inform future health strategies.

Diagnostic Testing

Diagnostic testing is used to confirm or rule out a specific genetic condition or disease in an individual who is symptomatic or at risk. These tests provide definitive information about the presence of a genetic disorder, aiding in treatment decisions. For instance, testing for known mutations in individuals showing symptoms of a genetic disorder would be considered diagnostic.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals. SNPs can influence how individuals respond to diseases, medications, and environmental factors. In the context of the question, identifying an SNP correlated with autism in a healthy teenager suggests a potential risk factor rather than a definitive diagnosis.